Essentialism is Essential in Education Essay - 970 Words

Essentialism is Essential in Education All six of the major educational philosophies Perennialism, Progressivism, Essentialism, Existentialism, Social Reconstruction, and Behaviorism are in my opinion feasible in the classroom. However, I have chosen Essentialism as the primary philosophy I would like to employ in my classroom for several reasons. Although I think all six would result in learning, which is the primary purpose of education, I think that Essentialism is superior to the other five for my classroom. I feel this way because it embraces the purpose or original goal of public education, it allows lessons to be gauged to all different learning styles, and finally because essentialism employs methods of teaching and†¦show more content†¦I also feel that public education should definitely be standardized because when something is done for the good of the entire public, there has to be a way to determine if all American students are receiving the same basic information so that they will all be equally prepa red to either enter the workforce or further their education. Therefore, public education is, or should be, very important to the American people as it is to me which is one reason why I argue that Essentialism with its standards and curriculums is essential to American education. Another reason I feel essentialism would be the best philosophy to put into action in my classroom is because it can instruct and be useful to all students despite their different learning styles. As a teacher, during a lecture period, I can gauge my lecture first to those students who are auditory learners and who will learn just from my lecture and then perhaps through examples and hands on experiments for those who are kinesthetic learners and so on. Essentialism gives me, as the teacher, this extra power to choose how I will best present the lesson so that all the students will get the most out of it and I think that is very important in a classroom where you have to cater to many different learning styles. With other philosophies, primarily student centered philosophies, it becomes more difficult to monitor students with different learning styles to seeShow MoreRelatedEssay on History of Philosophy 1225 Words   |  5 PagesI have simply accepted education as it has bee n presented me, blind to fact that there was any kind of well developed philosophy behind it. After being introduced to the main educational philosophies, perennialism, essentialism, progressivism and social resconstructionism, I have had the opportunity to decide for myself which ones I believe in and why. I must agree with Thomas Locke that we are born into this world a blank slate. Living in such an affluent society, education in America is providedRead MoreEducational Philosophies650 Words   |  3 PagesEducational Philosophies Elizabeth Howell Liberty University What is the philosophy of education? It is a set of ideas and beliefs that guides teachers’ actions and provides a framework for thinking about educational issues. (Kauchak and Eggen, 197) Teachers use philosophy everyday in their classrooms. From the time the first student enters their room until the last student walks out, philosophy is affecting the way the teacher runs his/her classroom and how they interact with their studentsRead More Philosophy Essay986 Words   |  4 Pagestremendous capacity to learn but still manage not to take things too seriously. I admire that and would like to spend my career helping them. My education philosophy: Each of the major philosophical approaches to education has merit. However, to strictly employ only one philosophy is limiting and hampers all possibility for improvement. Essentialism, progressivism, perennialism, and existentialism all contribute valid ideas to the teaching profession. I will choose to use aspects of each in varyingRead MoreMy Personal Philosophy Of Education1476 Words   |  6 Pages CLES 871 Foundations of Higher Education Summer 2015 Instructor: Joel Abaya, PhD Personal Philosophy of Education Submitted by: Wessam Elamawy . Personal Philosophy of Education Introduction: From the very beginning of my life I recognized the importance of higher education. I am 34 years old. I am Egyptian. I was born in a highly educated family . My father earned a Ph.D. in chemistry. My uncle earned a Ph.D. in Engineering . My aunt is a doctor. My grandparents wereRead MoreMy Philosophy Of Education Is Eclectic, And I Disagree776 Words   |  4 PagesMy philosophy of education is eclectic, and I concur with some aspects of perennialism, essentialism, progressivism, and social reconstructionism. Although I do not agree with each aspect of these curriculum philosophies, each one has influenced and shaped my personal thoughts and beliefs about education. My philosophy of education is greatly influenced by the ideals found in perennialism. I agree that education should involve teaching mathematics, science, social studies and English/language artsRead MorePhilosophy : The Philosophical Study Of Human Values, Epistemology, And Metaphysics1069 Words   |  5 Pagesdecisions in my life. Philosophy can be broken down into three branches: Axiology, Epistemology, and Metaphysics. These branches each have their own questions and perspectives. We learned about two different types of philosophy, Perennialism and Essentialism, and I like to think of myself as being a mixture of these two. Although these two types of philosophy are clearly different from each other, I will explain how I find myself relating to them both. The three main branches of philosophy are AxiologyRead MoreEssay on American Schools Need Essentialism525 Words   |  3 PagesAmerican Schools Need Essentialism There are five main philosophies that describe education: Essentialism (the back-to-basics approach which strives to teach students the essentials), Progressivism (which stresses individuality), Perennialism (which is the teaching of philosophies that have been around for hundreds of years), Existentialism (which give the students the choice of when to study and when not to), and Behaviorism (which lets teachers use reinforcement to achieve the desired behaviorsRead More Philosophy of Teaching Essay1107 Words   |  5 Pagesschool, became personally connected to the wonderful individuals who were their teachers, and developed a respect for these tireless workers. These individuals have created a desire within me to enhance children’s lives and improve society through education. Children are life’s blessings. All children have the ability to learn. Just as all children are individuals, they also possess diverse individual learning styles. A successful teacher must have the necessary skills and personal drive to recognizeRead MoreThe Philosophy Of Education Is Its Differing Aims1536 Words   |  7 Pagesof education. He affirmed that there is no universal accord about whether education should be directed more towards intellectual objectives or towards the character of the individual. He also proposed that there is doubt about whether education should be aimed at notion valuable for everyday life or at notions approving to virtues. As a matter of fact, modern day educators are still deliberating the concerns Aristotle raised. Ultimately, the most primitive dilemma the philosophy of education isRead More Teaching Philosophy Statement Essay984 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"The one exclusive sign of thorough knowledge is the power of teaching.† Tea ching enables students to gain the intelligence needed to excel in life. I believe that a teacher’s philosophy of education is a crucial role in his or her approach to leading students on their educated path. A philosophy of education is the set of beliefs that every school and every teacher stand behind. The certain philosophy that one chooses provides the answers to many vital questions, such as the purpose of schooling

The Educated Imagination Chapter 5 Essay - 850 Words

The Spectrums Purpose The fifth chapter of The Educated Imagination, â€Å"The Verticals of Adam† by Northrop Frye, explains his feelings about the necessity for children to be exposed to some fundamental texts in the literary spectrum in a certain order to best enable them to understand twentieth century society. The understanding of the Christian Bible, and Greek/Roman mythology are said by Frye to be key factors in how a child will interpret future literature. It is noted by Frye that the bible should be taught first, followed by the mythologies of the Greeks/Romans. I agree with his ideas about the order of exposure, as being the foundation of western society as it is best suited to being the foundation for learning of a child from said†¦show more content†¦Knowledge of the major stories present in the bible will continue to benefit any student for the foreseeable future, as the Christian mythology will remain a powerful force in our culture for years to come. For instance, the story of Cain and Abel contains a strong moral lesson about jealousy and family. Understanding a biblical story like this is the reason why the Bible should be taught first in the spectrum, as much of it provides a solid moral lens through which much literature can be successfully interpreted. More clearly than the Bible, Greek/Roman mythology helps outline the life cycle that almost always applies to the traditional archetypal hero. With basic knowledge of the Bible we can determine right from wrong and its influence in real life when reading mythology. As the reader we experience this when seeing the actions the hero takes, as explained by Frye when he states, ... the central myth of the hero whose mysterious birth, triumph and marriage, death and betrayal and eventual rebirth... (Frye, 67), explaining the archetypical story outline of the tragic hero. As an example of the archetype, the story of Hercules starts with the mysterious birth of a being that is half god and half man, with his father famously being Zeus. Following Hercules diverse birth we also know he triumphed over the leader of the underworld named Hades, while alsoShow MoreRelatedThe Educated Imagination3194 Words   |  13 PagesStudy Guide for The Educated Imagination Northrop Frye (1912-1991) read his  Massey Lectures  over the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC radio) in 1962. First published by Indiana University Press in 1964, the six lectures present key concepts from Frye’s  Anatomy of Criticism: Four Essays  (Princeton University Press, 1957). Chapter One. â€Å"The Motive for Metaphor.† Frye begins by exploring the relation of language and literature. â€Å"What is the relation of English as the mother tongue to EnglishRead More Simon in William Goldings Lord of the Flies Essay767 Words   |  4 Pagesdespairingly in Chapter 1. Thereafter we see more of him alone than in company, for his shyness makes it difficult for him to summon up the courage to speak publicly. Yet his affection for the other boys never wanes. He dies trying to give them the simple enlightenment that the beast they fear is non-existent. Simon makes the intuitive discovery that all the terrors on the island exist within the boys themselves, the psychological factor of the beast that is their own imagination. Simon is seenRead MoreBook Report on Rich Dad Poor Dad1750 Words   |  7 Pagesthought provoking teachings on wealth creation and financial independence. The book can be describes as a narrative motivational novel that features four interesting characters, Rich Dad, Poor Dad, Mike and Robert (the author). Poor Dad is a highly educated professor who despite have worked hard over the years barely meets his household expenses. His believe on money was that money is root of all evil. Rich Dad on the flip side was a school dropout who was not able to complete high but because he appreciatedRead MoreJane Austens Novels and Their Impact Essay1150 Words   |  5 PagesGentlemen read better books. (Chapter 14) this represents that there isnt equality between men and women because certain books are branded for women and some for men, and that only men read better books, implying that it is the superior sex. However, this contradicted because the reading of novels, declared the intelligence of that person The person, be it gentleman or lady, who has not pleasure in a good novel, must be intolerably stupid (Chapter 14) However, afterRead MoreMary Shelley s Frankenstein - Original Writing1177 Words   |  5 Pagesbeyond the time of the 1800’s. Provide significant details about the author. Both her parents were revolutionaries and writers. She was inspired by reading a series of german ghost stories. Shelley was known to daydream and escape into her imagination Provide plot points (use bullets or a graphic organizer). Robert Walton begins the novel with his letters. Victor boards Walton’s ship and starts his narration. Victor’s parents adopted a child named Elizabeth, who will marry Victor when they getRead MoreAlice s Adventures, The Bfg, And The Invention Of Hugo Cabret Essay1414 Words   |  6 PagesAfter reading these novels, Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland, The BFG, and The Invention of Hugo Cabret, I was able to see the varieties of children’s childhoods. Imagination plays a major and main role in children’s literature. Without that imagination, the main characters in the novels mentioned before wouldn’t challenge their morals. In this essay I will argue that these three novels, Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland, The BFG, and The Invention of Hugo Cabret help the reader understand that growingRead MoreThe Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-time by Mark Haddon1540 Words   |  7 Pagesfather tries to stop him. But detection leads to extra challenges for Christopher, because he is autistic. As unbelievable as it seems, I was captivated by this n ovel, especially because it is not just another story. As I read through the first chapters in prime numbers, I had lack of entertainment towards his character obviously for the reason that he was hard to comprehend, but as I kept up with my reading I became attached to him. I have heard and studied along with researched, Autism cases forRead MoreThe Formative Elements Of Classical Scholarship1691 Words   |  7 PagesROMANTICISM, WEIMAR CLASSICISM, STURM UND DRANG In this chapter, I consider the formative elements of classical scholarship; in particular, how scholarship developed through this time period from something to be studied by elite amateurs to something formalised. What I examine specifically is how the themes of elitism, mysticism, projection, and language were the defining paradigms of thought for Romantics. In later chapters, these recurring themes will show themselves time and time again in scholarshipRead MoreJesuit Education Essay1489 Words   |  6 Pagesyears later, former Father General Pedro Arrupe recognized the transnational dimensions of the refugee issue and founded Jesuit Refugee Services (JRS) to coordinate the Society’s efforts on a global scale. Today JRS work to serve and educate refugees on 5 continents in over 50 countries. Jesuits began to coordinate some of their educational apostolates transnationally. In the 1970’s and 80’s Venezuela Fe y Alegrà ­a (Faith and Joy) rapidly developed from being an isolated network of Jesuit schools educatingRead MoreThe Problems Of School With Student Discipline1481 Words   |  6 Pagesthought the implementation of schools ought to be the sole responsibility of the states. Initially, education was for the wealthy, and a belief persisted through the eighteenth century that poor individuals were not educable or were not worthy of being educated† (article). By 1910, public school was mandatory; children that were absent on a daily basis from parental direction was placed under the authority of educators. This transfer changed the teacher’s roles to parental disciplinarians; teachers functioned

Mortailty and Eternity in Emily Dickinson Poems Essay

Emily Dickinson is the epitome of the modern poet. Her poetry breaks from the traditional style with dashes to separate ideas. Dickinson, also, challenged the religious belief of her time. Growing up as a Puritan in Massachusetts, Emily Dickinson knew the bible, yet as an adult, she questioned that belief. Many of her poems seem focused on death; death of the body, death of the soul, death of the mind. Why was she so intrigued with death? The poems that embody this theme are: â€Å"Success is counted sweetest† (#112), â€Å"Safe in the Alabaster Chambers† (#124), â€Å"I like a look of Agony† (#339), â€Å"I felt a funeral in my brain† (#340), â€Å"Because I could not stop for death† (#479), and â€Å"I heard a Fly buzz-when I died† (#591). These poems seem to†¦show more content†¦Later in life, especially after the death of her father, she secluded herself to her room. During this time, she wrote over one-thousand seven-hundred poems, which were organized in a packet called fascicles. Only a few of her poems were published within her lifetime, but after they were revised into more of a conventional means, she stopped seeking to be published. Themes that seem to repeat themselves in Dickinson’s poems are religion, love, nature, and death. Though, in the one-thousand seven hundred poems that Dickinson wrote she seemed to be intrigued about death. Many of the poems seem to contradict each other by means of what happens during and after death. She seems to be struggling with the religious belief of living eternity in the afterlife with God. Each poem concerning death gives a deeper look into what Dickinson was struggling with. It is interesting that no two poems dealt with death in the same way. One poem deals with the pain and anguish of death as seen in â€Å"I like a look of Agony†. The eyes glaze once – and that is Death Impossible to feign The Beads opon the Forehead By homely Anguish strung. It is also seen in â€Å"Success in counted sweetest†, where the men dying on the battlefield are contemplating their failure before they die. As he, defeated, dying, On whose forbidden ear The distant strains of triumph Burst agonized and clear! In â€Å"I felt

International Aviation Fuel Is Not Taxed - 971 Words

Goal 12.7 is measureable in part, one could make sure that all public procurement methods are in line with the legal standard, yet whether national policies and priorities are sustainable is objective. Goal 12.c is also similar, to measure it one would only have to have a list of harmful subsidies and cross them off when reversed or rationalized, yet this could fluctuate with which subsidies one considers harmful. For example, international aviation fuel is not taxed. Even though there is no direct exchange from a government to a public cooperation it could be considered a subsidy because it helps the aviation industry CITATION Dav03 l 1033 (Pearce, 2003). So to measure goal 12.c one would have to establish a baseline list of harmful subsidies. The goals above, which are recognized as measureable, are already being recorded. Goal 12.3, dealing with cutting food waste is already being measured all over the globe, including which phase of the food supply chain most food is being wasted. In higher income countries, consumers waste more where as in lower income countries food tends to be wasted in production CITATION Gus11 l 1033 (Gustavsson, Cederberg, Sonesson, 2011). Goal 12.4, relating to sound management of chemicals, is also being recorded. This goal is usually recorded on a more local basis, dealing with pollution within a certain area or body of water. This is documented within developed and developing countries, for example, there was a case study done on â€Å"BehaviorShow MoreRelatedDiagnosing The Change : Managing Organizational Change Essay1413 Words   |  6 Pagesfundamental premise of the model is that planned change should flow from environment to the organizational performance. For my research project, both airlines Delta and United Airlines have environmental factors that have affected their performance. Jet Fuel prices have driven up the operational cost of both companies. Internal factor such as unions and employee issues have impacted the both the airliner’s performance and have also impacted the top line and bottom line of these two merged companies. BothRead MoreSouthwest s Strategic Perspective With A Low Cost Business Model843 Words   |  4 Pagesthings, it has been cyclical, energy intensive, labor intensive, capital intensive, technology intensive, highly regulated, heavily taxed, and extremely competitive (Southwest, 2016). Thus, to maintain a competitive advantage, on July 1st, 2014, they began offering international flights to Aruba, Jamaica, and the Bahamas (Jones, 2014). Currently, they have 11 international destinations (Trevis Team, 2015). According to Southwest’s proxy their main competitors are Delta, Alaska, United ContinentalRead MoreThe Virgin Atlantic Essay examples1701 Words   |  7 Pagesassociated with their local men and women participation in airline service. According to Tucker (2010), in term of inter-continental business partnership, the flows and interchangeable of services, technological exchange, capital provision and international relation, the company will contribute its speciality and enhance the goodwill between the country. For example, the flight that Virgin Atlantic provides to Asian countries will contribute to the nation tourism aspects. Foreign tourist from theRead MoreAirlines For America ( A4a )1360 Words   |  6 Pagesfor America (A4A) that is known as Air Transport of Association ATA). This is one of America’s largest and oldest airline trade association, and was founded in 1936. The organization played a key role in all major government decisions regarding the aviation industry since its founding, including the creation of the civil Aeronautics Board, establishment of the air traffic control system and airline deregulation (Airlines for America). 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Executive Summary ................................................................................................................................. 1 2. Introduction ..........Read MoreEnvironmental Impacts of Tourism1563 Words   |  7 Pagesfertilizers and pesticides per year.† Solution The solution really is to cut down on transport use in everyday life - cycle, walk or take the bus instead of driving. Try to limit international travel to when it is absolutely necessary (use teleconferencing), and catch the train rather than fly. Ultimately, aviation fuel should be taxed to reflect the damage it does to the environment and then plane flights will become more expensive so that people will only take them when necessary. We all need to get involvedRead MoreE Commerce at Yunnan Lucky Air1685 Words   |  7 Pagesteam of Lucky Air. An ill-devised or poorly implemented marketing plan would not only hinder the company’s growth, it would also result in the loss of the edge they have over the other companies. The four cost components of the airline industry – fuel, landing fees, aircraft leasing and taxes - has made operating Lucky Air in a productive manner a constant challenge. Even though the company has a high competitive advantage being linked to Hainan Airlines, it still needed to upgrade its businessRead MoreAnalysis of Bulgaria Air and the Eastern-European Airline Industry4335 Words   |  18 Pages International Strategic Management 1. Legislation and regulatory rules in the industry Bilateral air service agreements remain the primary vehicles for liberalizing international air transport services. In the past 15 years more than 157 â€Å"open skies† agreements have been concluded between 96 states, the US being one of the states in 82 of the cases. Along with the continuing liberalization of air transport regulation, the protection and improvement of airline passengerRead MoreImpact of Oil Prices and Other Macro Economic Variables on GDP3778 Words   |  16 Pagessupply shocks etc., day by day prices are increasing and causing demand pull as well as cost push inflation. In a country like Pakistan international price hike not only causes imported cost push inflation but also demand pull inflation. Actually Compressed Natural Gas CNG and Liquified Petrolium Gas LPG are very poor susbtitutes of petrol. So as international price increases, this leads to lacal inflation in the economy, leading to fall in the foreign exchange reserves as foreign currency becomes

Avila Auto Parts Free Essays

a. The two methods of reporting in the parent company’s currency are different due to usage of different rates of exchange. Under the first method, the spot rates are to be used. We will write a custom essay sample on Avila Auto Parts or any similar topic only for you Order Now Spot rates are the rates at which the transaction is carried out. This is normally a difficult approach and companies use the date on which the balance sheet and income statement is prepared. The spot is taken to be the rate of the balance sheet and other financial statements. The other method uses average rate of exchange of the period of reporting. In our case, using the two methods, we will have significant differences in the reported profits and losses. If we use the spot rate of balance sheet publication, the currency conversion factor will be 12000 pesos per dollar, whereas if we use average rate, the conversion will be done at 10,000 pesos per dollar. There will be a difference of 20 percent in the reporting. On the other hand, if the rate today has been less than the exchange rate at the beginning, the current reported figures would have been lower than those reported under first method. We should ideally use the method of spot rate at which payments are made. If it is not possible, the average rate would be better and consistent. Average can be taken for monthly figures or weekly rates to make it more accurate and representative of the realistic picture. As the income statement shows, the profits for the year were 25,000 million pesos in the local country. If it is translated to the parent company’s reporting currency using the spot rate of income statement, that is 12,000 pesos = $1, we will have net profits of $2,083,333. If we use the average rate of the period, that is (8,000+12,000)/2 = 10,000 pesos per $1, we will have net profits of $2,500,000 or $2. 5 million. Under both the methods of reporting the same profits/income of the company to its parent company, the profits are quite different simply due to the currency difference and exchange rate variation over the period. The difference in profits reported is more than $0. 4 million or roughly 20 percent which may change the decisions taken at headquarters. Taking into consideration the differences in the exchange rates and conversion risk, the company should decide on a measure to select the rate of exchange to use for its reporting during the entire life of the organization. They should consistently use whatever they have decided to use over their entire life. b. Functional currency is the one in which the operational cash is generated and is normally the currency of the country where the operations are going on. If the currency of the operating country is not stable, it can not be considered as functional currency. The stability of currency means that the rate of inflation over three year period should be less than 100 percent. As in the given case, the rate of inflation is 50 percent, (from 8,000 ps per dollar to 12,000 ps per dollar), the functional currency will be peso as the operational cash flows are generated in pesos and the inflation is within the limits. If the inflation over the past two years reaches 150 %, the functional currency will be changed to the reporting currency of the parent company, which in our case is dollar. . Economic exposure for Avila can be seen by the given conversion rates and their variability over such a short period of time. Economic exposure is the effect of foreign currency rate changes to the cash flows and other measures of operational performance. The exposure for any company is affected by the industry it is operating in and the stability of the currency of its operating country and the parent company. If there is excess demand of pesos, it will push th e rates of pesos higher and vice versa. If the rate gets higher, that is there will be less pesos in a dollar, the performance in the parent company’s report will be better than the situation when the exchange rate gets low. The two reporting methods will lead to significant differences in reported profits and losses to the parent company, from the operations in some other country. 3. Hedging can be a good option to protect the company against any unforeseen changes in the exchange rates. The company can make hedging I a number of ways to make itself protected against foreign exchange risk. Four positions are possible to provide such a protection using simple forward contracts and options. a. Long forward Under long forward position, the company at the operating country can take a long forward position to fix exchange rate (today) for a future date of transaction. Taking a long position means that the investor is agreeing to buy the underlying asset, at a specified price, agreed by both parties, on some future date. The contract has to be executed irrespective of what the conversion rate will be. Unlike options, none of the parties has the option to execute the contract or revoke it, but it is mandatory for both of them to carry it out. b. Short forward Short forward position can act equally well at the parent company’s location. The parent company at the parent country can go to short forward position so that it can sell dollars to pesos at a rate specified today. Using both the positions they can hedge the overall loss and can be certain about the expected gains. Options provide a type of insurance against any unforeseen changes in exchange rate. The buyer of call option and the seller of put option, both have the right to exercise the option or to waste it. The maximum loss in wasting the option is restricted to the price of the option. In this way, the company can set a floor to its loss and can gain as much as it can. c. Long Call Long call allows the parent company to buy a right to buy at a specified rate at some future point in time. If the rate increases, the company will have the option to buy at a lower rate than the market going rate, if it goes down, the loss will be restricted to the price of the option and the gains can be as much as the rate goes down. . Short Put Short Put will allow the company at the operating country to enter into a position to sell a right to sell at a set rate. The working for this will be exactly in the opposite manner as the long call position. 4. Financial architecture affects the overall cost for the company. If the inflation is high and the interest rates are high for a high risk firm , the cost of obtaining financing from banks and other Financial Institutions (FIs) will be high. Equity financing or market financing will require a higher rate of return, but the firm may shift the payments to some future period. As for bank financing or debt financing, it will have to make payments to the lending institution within the given timeframe. The firms may choose to go for a certain debt to equity ratio to gain advantage of optimal capital structure to optimize their costs of capital or WACC (Weighted Average Cost of Capital). 5. Euro currency is the use of currency in some other country. This in our case refers to storage, saving of pesos in the parent country where the currency in use is dollars. This will provide the company benefits in terms of advantage in domestic interest rate regulations and other barriers to free flow of cash. Firms participate in the euro currency markets to gain the benefits from exchange rate inefficiencies and under or over valuation of some currencies. If the investments are in the parent company’s currency and the operations are in the local currency of country where operations are being carried out, the exchange rate plays a vital role when calculating returns on investments for the company’s investments and funding by the parent company. If the domestic currency rises in operating country, the rate of return required should be higher than normal to overcome the exchange differences and vice versa. To overcome this difference and the problems due to fluctuating exchange rates, companies enter euro-currency markets where they can keep their money in parent company’s currency and convert it to functional currency as and when needed. This provides them the opportunity to maintain the required base in terms of parent company’s currency. 6. Other alternatives to run a firm’s fund-flow mechanism are to use various swaps in the form of interest rate swaps or foreign currency swaps. MNCs can go for unbundling of their costs at headquarters to affiliate companies of subsidiaries. In this way they can divide their costs to subsidiaries. Multinationals can go for transfer pricing mechanisms to avoid taxes on their overall operations. This can be done by pricing their internally traded goods for the purpose of moving profits to low tax nations. This will provide them an overall higher profitability. Companies can also create re-invoicing centers to avoid exchange rate fluctuations. The invoice currency will be the one used rather than the operating currency. This will reduce their exposure to currency and exchange rate risk. This will increase communication costs and to some extent create an overhead whereby the overall time delays and costs will be increased. MNCs can also transfer funds to their parent companies as dividends if the local conditions and regulatory framework is favorable. The major benefits of using different mechanisms can be obtained because of differences in the tax mechanisms and tax systems in different countries. Firms, by simply moving their profits from high tax region to a low tax region can save on their overall taxes provided the costs of moving are not high enough to make it unprofitable. How to cite Avila Auto Parts, Papers

Gangs and Hip-Hop free essay sample

In an atmosphere dominated by gang activity, It is evident that the most popular way of seeking freedom from this harsh environment of drugs and violence is self- expression through the popular culture of hip-hop. Whether it is dance, music, or even the fashion aspect of hip-hop, It seems to be the most common escape from such rough surroundings. It is also very apparent that many of these escapees actually make a living out of indulging themselves in the hospitable culture of hip- hop.In fact, many famous hip-hop dancers and music artists one might see In the media today have a history of gang affiliation. While the majority of these hip- hoppers choose to retain their roots of connections with gangs (a lot of rap artists flaunt the fact that they are/have been In a gang), one would be mistaken In saying that it is a much more favorable way of living life over being under such dangerous conditions as being a gang member in an active street gang. One outlet of hip-hop that Is used for self-expression is the art of hip-hop dance. Many popular dance crews originating from poverty-stricken areas have a history of gang affiliation. Interestingly enough, according to NAP radio, dance suppressed some of the lenience between rival gangs (Del Baric). Although It did not completely eliminate violence, dancing was a way for gangs to choose which one would pick the location for a fight. This may not seem like it is helping the cause too much, but it is in fact deteriorating some of the most extreme aspects of gang violence.Kenny Bermuda Is a specific example of this. Growing up, he was a gang member and now he has been on the hit show which showcases talented dance crews, Americas Best Dance Crew, along with his crew Rhythm City. Bermuda Is now attending college and owns his own dance school. Additionally, a group called Massive Monkeys (who also were featured on Americas Best Dance Crew) is a dance crew who have a history of gang affiliation. They now strive to teach high school kids that gangs and hip-hop do not always have a connection.Graffiti, although recognized in many countries to be vandalism which is a punishable crime, is another way of diverting ones focus from something other than gang activity which can be, In some situations, a lot less serious in terms of consequences. Graffiti is the name for images or lettering scratched, scrawled, painted or marked In any manner on property. In urban context, it is mostly seen In more public places Like subway stations or on the sides of buildings_ This is because graffiti artists, including gang members, tag these popular places to mark their territory and get an everyday audience admiring their works of art.An academic article called Urban Graffiti as Territorial Markers stated that a new trend appeared in 1970. Graf fiti writing had spread to the inner city. Almost all of the graffiti reports discovered for 1972 and half of those for 1971 were concerned with the newfound popularity of spray-painting among Inner-city youth (Lye Cyberpunks, 491 According to this, graffiti started trending in inner-city youth (in which many of this population is involved in gang activity) in the early sasss, around the same time that the whole hip-hop culture was established.This shows that the escapement of harsh gang activity in poor, ghetto neighborhoods through self- expression in hip-hop culture is and always has been one of the most prominent indicators of attitudes, behavioral dispositions, and social processes in settings where direct measurement is difficult (Lye and Sybaritic, 491). This is a direct indicator that at least some teenagers involved with gangs have made clear action of discontinuing their gang affiliation through self-expression of graffiti.It is also apparent that graffiti replaced gang violence in the sense that it decided which was the more dominant gang solely on the basis of who had marked their territory more. The music aspect of hip-hop culture is undoubtedly the most popular and most widely-distinguished part of this hospitable culture. It has made its way over the years into the mainstream media heard and seen on a daily basis, and in such has come the most acceptable component of hip-hop. Because of this, it has had a great affect for these refugees requesting removal from the gang environment. Not only does this take these inner-city kids out of their gang affiliations, but it can sometimes be made a career and take someone from rags to riches as it is the most successful part of hip-hop. Africa Bumboat, also known as the Grandfather of Hip Hop Culture and by his birth name Kevin Donovan, is living proof of this. Known as being instrumental in the development of hip hop, Bumboat, a founding member f a gang called the Savage Seven (later known as The Black Spades), is a hip-hop music artist who has produced 15 albums to date.He was known as being the warlord for the Black Spades meaning it was his Job to recruit members and expand turf of the gang. Basically he was the manager of this gang which controlled over 50 divisions in the state of New York alone. It is known as being one of the most renowned gangs in history. Bumboat would later use his leadership skills to turn those involved in the gang life into something more positive to the community. This cession began the development of what later became known as the Universal Zulu Nation, a group of socially and politically aware rappers, b-boys, graffiti artists, and other people involved in the hip-hop culture. Hip-hop music undoubtedly shaped Bumboat into the unselfish and better man he is today. Bumboat isnt the only example of this though. Many rappers heard in the mainstream media today have had a history of gang relation. Macs like 50 Cent, Young Jeez, and Snoop Dog, who have all made a name for themselves in the popular culture of music have all had the experience of being in a gang.But this is not the full list of successful rappers today that have shared that experience. In fact, hundreds of these relevant rappers have/ had some sort of gang affiliation. While a slight majority of these rappers take pride in knowing they have been dispersed in this hostile and harsh environment, they must all realize that it is a much better life to live than that of an active gang member. To conclude, it has come very obvious that self-expression through hip-hop culture is the most prominent way of evading gang-related activity.